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Hi friends, Do you know why is that infants cry soon after birth? Let me tell you some facts which I know about this. Inside the womb of the mother, the child is in a warm protected environment. When it is brought out it experiences total change in the environment. The outside temperature and the air stimulate the skin (proprioceptive impulse). This stimulation makes the child take a deep breath that is a good gasp. When the air gets into the lungs in the first gasp it results in a cry. It repeatedly takes up this deep breathing and establishes the regular respiratory cycle. This cry is one of the five parameters to assess the child’s condition soon after birth. This is done at one minute and five minute after birth. In a normal child the first cry is expected to be a vigorous or lustrous one. A varied cry is also a way of interpreting the condition of the child. If the cry is irritable in nature it may be a child with brain injury. If it is a feeble cry, it could be due to respiratory problem or a brain problem such as intracranial bleeding or asphyxia. The feeble cry may also indicate a problem in the lung such as immaturity of the lungs in a low birth weight baby that is a pre-maturity baby. It could also be due to aspiration of fluid from the bag of membranes. This is the bag in which the child floats in the intrauterine period which encircles the child. The aspiration contents could also be the meconium (the first dark motion passed by the child). The cry thus becomes very valuable index for assessment as a routine in the new born babies.

Hi folks, I’m here to share to some interesting fact about nails in the human nails. You all might know that the nails that grow are made up of dead cells. Come let’s discuss some interesting difference between the nails in the fingers and the toes. Do you know that the nails in fingers grow faster than the toe nails? The reason behind this is, our fingernails are made up primarily of dead cells, a horn-like material called keratin. Growth takes place in the matrix, the hidden part of the nail under the cuticle (the tissue that overlaps with the visible part of the nail and rims the base of the nail). The older cells die and harden as they are pushed out. The matrix also includes the lunula, the whitish half-moon area at the base of the nail. Fingernails grow about 0.1mm per day or 36mm a year and toenails grow at about 14mm per year. The primarily function of nails is to protect the fingertips from injury. While the scientific community is not completely clear about why fingernails grow faster, here are two possible explanations:

• Since we use our fingers more often, it is more prone to injury and the body needs to replenish  any damaged nails fast.
• It is known that nails grow faster when the temperature is higher, for example more in summer than winter. Fingers are constantly exposed to sun and air during the day whereas toes inside slippers or shoes are damper and receive less light, affecting the growth rate.

Hi folks, I’m here to share to my knowledge about an interesting fact. Do you know why does an egg with the shell burst when cooked in a microwave oven? Microwave radiation is generated in an electronic tube called a magnetron, and passes along what’s called a wave-guide into the oven cavity. The microwave is absorbed by food- a characteristic that make them ideal for cooking. The microwave oven is directed towards the centre of the compartment. The highest absorption factor for microwave energy is water. The water absorbs the energy and becomes agitated and this molecular level agitation is the friction that heats up food. When micro waved, different components in an egg expand at different rates, which can result in the egg exploding. White portion of egg contains a high proportion of water and yolk contains a high proportion of fat. Micro waved eggs can reach temperatures much higher than if they were simply boiled in water at 100 degrees Celsius. At these elevated temperatures, water inside the egg, mostly in the white albumen, vaporises – even as the albumen solidifies. If the pressure inside the egg exceeds the breaking strength of the shell, the egg will explode. Using a wooden pick or tip of a knife to break the yolk membrane of an unbeaten egg before micro cooking to allow the steam to escape, can help prevent the explosion. Covering cooking containers with a lid, plastic wrap or wax paper encourages even cooking and (if we forget to prick the yolk) helps to confine the explosion.

Hi folks, I’m here to share to my knowledge about consanguineous marriages. In consanguineous marriages i.e. the first cousin and uncle niece marriages, there is an increased risk in the offspring of traits controlled by recessive genes and those determined by polygenes. Examples are albinism, alkaptonuria, and Phenylketonuria. An increased risk of premature death, mental retardation and other birth defects are also noted  in such children. The basic of this can be explained by the following example. In albinism, which has autosomal recessive inheritance, the incidence is 1 in 20,000 live births. Let us say, they are of ‘aa’ genotypes. Then the remaining 19,999 are either ‘AA’ (Normal) or ‘Aa’ (Carriers). We can calculate the frequency of carriers by using ‘Hardy-Weinberg law’, which will give the frequency as 280 carriers for albino patient. In the normal out breeding pattern of society, this ratio holds good. However the propability of wedding of two carriers (for the development of autosomal recessive conditions, both  the parents must be carriers) is increased in consanguineous marriages, with resultant increase in the frequency of genetic diseases in their children. This has been proved by many numbers of epidemiological studies. The following are the two examples.

• Phenylketonuria has an incidence of 1 in 25000 in the offspring of unrelated marriages, but it is 13 per 25000 in children of first cousin marriages. (13 fold increase).
• In a Japanese city, a death rate of 116 per 1000 was found during the first 8 years of life amongst the offspring of first cousin marriages against 55 per 1000 amongst the control normal population.

Therefore, a reduction of consanguineous marriages would be advantageous to the health of the community.

Hi friends, I am here to share an interesting fact with you all. Do plants, like human beings feel pain? Like animals plants don’t have any coordinating system namely nervous system to feel the pain when it is injured or disturbed. But they can respond to any stimuli when they receive externally either through wound or by changes in the normal environmental factors. It is obvious that a plant organ, which reacts to a stimulus, must be able to perceive that stimulus. This perception is known as tone or tonus of the reacting protoplast. The response shown by an organ depends upon the condition of the protoplast of the cell. It sometimes happens that when a plant is submitted to a particular stimulus no response is shown. The response of an organ is said to be dependent upon its condition of tone, and this is dependent upon the previous condition to which the organ has been submitted and also upon its stage of development. It has been found that after a plant organ has been stimulated a number of times =, no further response is shown. The plant is said to have passed into a state of rigor. The cells of the perceptive organ have lost tone and are no longer in a condition to respond to a stimulus of wounding, and it is only after an internal of time is again recovered and a reaction shown. It was thought that a difference in intensity of the irritable member and that the after-effects were also greater. Recent investigations, however, have shown that there is no relationship between the applied stimulus and response made by the stimulated plant. The stimulus appears merely to release a certain chain of reactions. In many cases the response of an organ does not take place until some time after the stimulus and the resulting response are separated by a time interval. Such terms as relaxation-time have been used to express the time-relations of plant response to stimulus.

Hi folks, I’m here to share to my knowledge about milk. Is it true that condensed milk has more fat than ordinary milk? Fat is an important constituent of milk. Accordiing to the prevention of food adulteration rules, fresh cow’s milk should contain a minimum fat of 3.5% and buffalo’s milk 6 %. Actually the fat content varies from breed to breed, and among individual animals. In the manufacture of condensed milk, water, the majority component of milk (80-90%), is removed by evaporation in vacuum. Sometimes sugar is also added. As per PFA rules, the condensed milk (or evaporated milk) should contain 26% milk solids of which 8% is fat. If it is sweetened, the milk solids should be about 31% of which 9% is fat. Condensed milk is also prepared from skim milk (defatted milk) by concentration again with or without sugar. In these types, the percentages of condensed milk prepared from full cream milk (fresh milk) contain the same amount of fat present inordinary milk. This is because by concentration, only the volume of milk alone is reduced. The purpose of condensing milk is to reduce the volume of milk to enable long-distance transport and improve self-life. In case of sweetened condensed milk, the keeping quality is increased as the sugar prevents the growth of micro-organisms by increasing the osmotic pressure where as in the unsweetened condensed milk, it is by plasmolysis. Condensed milk can be diluted for use as fresh milk.

Hai friends, do you know how does the Camel walk easily in the desert easily? The camel is dubbed the ‘ship of the desert’. It can adapt itself easily to the hot conditions due to various reasons. Its special adaptation features are its hump, long legs, long hair and special eyelids. The hump enables it to score food. Long hair on its body helps it keep warm in the cold desert nights. The long legs of the camel are strong and have powerful muscles allowing it to carry heavy loads for long for long distances. It walks at a medium speed. It has two toes on each toe. The camel walks on a broad pad that connects its toes. This cushion like pad spreads when the camel places its foot on the ground. The pad supports the animal on loose sand in much the same way that a snowshoe helps a person walk on show. The pad enables the animal to firmly grasp the earth. The toenails protect the feet from damages resulting from a bump. In the camel both legs on the same side rise and fall together. This leg action produces a swaying, rocking motion. Taller animals like the camel snap into a rotary walk more often than short animals. This helps them to shift the balance on one side of a body while the long legs on the other side are in a suspended phase. In the rotary motion on one side they put both legs forward and on the other side they are both back. Thick, broad sole pads and thick callosities on the joints of the legs and on the chest, upon which it rests in a kneeling position, enable it to close its nostrils against flying dust and its eyes are shielded by eyelashes. The camel has three eyelids and two layers of the eyelashes to protect itself from dust and sun. To protect their eyes, camels have long eyelashes that catch most of the sand when desert winds blow sand on to their eyes. If sand gets into an eye a camel has a third eyelid to get it out. The extra eyelid moves from side to side and wipes the sand away. As the eyelid is very thin the camel can see through it. So a camel can find its way through a sandstorm with its eyes closed.

Hi everybody, Iam here to share some interesting facts about the Mother Feeding. Breast feeding is known to be better for the baby than bottle-feed. It is safer, since it is relatively free of water or environment borne contamination. It has ingriedients that boost the immunity of the infant. It offers an easily digestible, wholesome and balanced form of nutrition. And the intimate contact with the nursing mother soothes and calms the baby, puts the child into a daily rythm of sleep, wakefulness and alertness. Bonding between the baby and the mother occurs naturally and intimately, enhancing love and affection. The mother too gains some benefits. For one, the breast feeding regimen is known to space her pregnancy and help postpone the next conception. On many account, breast feeding is thus a double winner. Yet, over the years, the popularity of breast feeding has waxed and waned in women’s minds. It has t5ended to be less popular and bottle fecame the preferred thing to do. A slew of reasons have been offered for this ‘un-natural’ choice. Some women’s movements tended to ‘liberate’ the mother from this ‘domesticated’ or ‘confined’ chore. Evolving ideas  of feminine beauty tended to look down upon the periodically filling bosom. Commercial interests have, as expected, played their role in promoting the bottle and formula milk. As a consequence, breast-feeding decioned in favour of the more ‘modern’ and ‘convinient’ bottle feeding in the west, particularly after the 1930’s. It is only in the last 25 years or so, as the baby boomers began making babies themselves that breast-feeding returned in a significant manner in these countries.

Hi friends, I am here to share an interesting fact with you all. Do you know why does our mouth stink after a night’s sleep despite brushing before going to sleep? Bad breath is a common problem, which often occurs due to bacterial activity in the mouth. Although brushing is a good mechanical aid for maintaining proper oral hygiene, there are many factors that may cause morning bad breath. Some people suffer from bad breath without knowing it, while others build up exaggerated fears about breath odour even though they do not have it. This is also termed as Oral Malodour is a foul or offensive odour emanating from the oral cavity.It is caused primarily by volatile sulphur compounds specifically hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan which   result from bacterial putrefaction of protein containing sulphur amino acids. These products could be involved in the transition from good oral health to gingivitis and then to periodontitis. Local source of mouth odour is mainly the tongue. Post nasal drip on the back of the tongue which occurs during sleep can also cause oral malodour in the mornings and can cause throat infection in some cases. A coated tongue is also said to be a cause of Oral malodour, due to excessive bacterial activity on the tongue. The causes of bad breath can be divided as follows: Intraoral sources – sources inside the mouth which can cause bad breath Extra oral Sources – sources outside teh mouth which causes the bad breath These could be avoided or prevented by education of people regarding brushing techniques and other oral hygiene aids and motivation of people to make behavioural and habitual changes thereby avoiding unnecessary anxiety and apprehension.

Hi everybody, I am here to share some interesting facts about the artificial teeth. Do you know what are the artificial teeth made off? Replacement for decayed or lost teeth has been produced since antiquity. The most common material that was used for artificial teeth was ivory especially from elephants. Human teeth were also used, pulled from the dead. These kinds of false teeth soon rotted, turned brown and rancid. So the need for more stable material arose. In the past artificial teeth made of metals like silver, gold were very common. If a damaged tooth is beyond repair, it must be extracted and replaced with an artificial tooth which is made of porcelain, metals like gold or plasti8c. False teeth made of acrylic are also being used. The most commonly used materials for artificial teeth today are porcelain and acrylic. Acrylic teeth contain polymethyl methatcrylate(PMMA) resin which forms its basic ingredients. PMMA resins are resilient plastics formed by joining multiple methyl methacrylate molecules. A cross linking agent is added which serves as a bridge that provides increased resistance to deformation. So these teeth have greater fracture toughness than porcelain teeth. Furthermore resin teeth are easier to adjust. On the other hand ceramics or porcelain is characterized by their hardness, susceptibility to brittle fracture and chemical inertness. Prosthetic teeth can also be made with a metal substrate to which porcelain is bonded for aesthetic enhancement. These teeth are called metal-ceramic restoration. A full porcelain (all-ceramic restoration), porcelain fused to gold, full gold and all metal crown restoration are also in practice. The important goal of dentistry is to restore the colour and appearance of natural teeth. Two important attributes of dental ceramics are their potential for matching the appearance of natural teeth and their insulating property. For this reason they are quite expensive when compared to acrylic teeth. Artificial teeth need a base to hold them in place. Many synthetic resins are used for this purpose. Hardness, resistance to abrasion, natural look, and ability to withstand stresses during chewing and thermo physical properties like thermal conductivity are the most important factors in considering materials for artificial teeth.